Totem Pole

A totem pole is a monumental sculpture carved from large trees, typically Western Red Cedar, by indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. Totem poles are prominent symbols of the native cultures of this region, including groups like the Haida, Tlingit, Tsimshian, Kwakwaka'wakw, and others. Each pole is unique, serving a variety of purposes and telling its own distinct story.

Traditionally, totem poles were used to communicate important aspects of native cultural beliefs and histories. Carvings of animals, people, and supernatural beings adorn these tall structures, each figure significant within the particular family or clan's lineage or story. These figures are not "totems" in the sense of individual spirit guides, as often misunderstood, but are instead representative of familial or clan histories, notable events, cultural beliefs, or even shaming or humorous tales.

There are several types of totem poles, including house frontal poles placed against the house front, often serving as the main entrance; house posts that support the roof beam inside the house; memorial poles that commemorate a deceased individual; mortuary poles that house the remains of the deceased, and shame or ridicule poles that were erected to shame individuals or groups for unpaid debts or wrongdoings.

Totem poles are carved and painted with great skill and artistry. The creation of a totem pole involves not only technical carving skills but also a deep understanding of cultural histories and narratives. Traditionally, the creation of a totem pole was a significant event involving the entire community, often accompanied by a potlatch—a ceremonial feast and gift-giving festival.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, native cultural practices, including totem pole carving, were suppressed by colonial authorities. However, a cultural resurgence in the mid-20th century led to a revival of totem pole carving among Pacific Northwest peoples. Today, totem poles are recognized internationally as cultural symbols, and the ancient art of totem pole carving continues to be practiced, serving as a vital link to the history, culture, and identity of the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast.